Wedding Guest Dress Codes Explained

What 'black tie', 'cocktail', 'semi-formal' and 'casual' really mean on a wedding invitation, with outfit ideas and etiquette tips.

Wedding invitations often include a dress code, but the terms can be confusing. What's the difference between black tie and black tie optional? Can you wear jeans to a casual wedding? This guide explains the most common dress codes and how to dress for each.

Black tie

The most formal common dress code, usually for evening weddings.

• Typical outfits: a tuxedo with a bow tie, or a floor-length evening gown. A very elegant cocktail dress or formal jumpsuit can also work in many places.
• Fabrics: silk, satin, velvet or other luxurious materials.

Black tie optional

Formal, but with a little flexibility.

• Typical outfits: a tuxedo or a dark, well-tailored suit with a tie; a long gown, an elegant cocktail dress or dressy separates.

Formal or cocktail

The most common dress code for weddings.

• Typical outfits: a suit and tie, or a knee-length or midi cocktail dress, dressy jumpsuit or elegant separates.
• Colours: daytime weddings suit lighter colours; evening weddings suit deeper tones.

Semi-formal

A step down from cocktail, but still smart.

• Typical outfits: a suit (a tie is often optional), or a dress, skirt or trousers with a nice top.

Casual or garden

Relaxed, but still a wedding.

• Typical outfits: chinos with a shirt or a linen suit, or a sundress, midi skirt or smart jumpsuit.
• Avoid: jeans, T-shirts and trainers, unless the couple specifically says they're fine.

Beach

• Typical outfits: light linen or cotton suits without a tie, flowy dresses, and sandals or shoes that work on sand.

Cultural and religious weddings

Many weddings follow cultural or religious traditions, which may affect what's appropriate, such as covering shoulders or knees, or avoiding certain colours. When in doubt, ask the couple or a family member. They'll appreciate the thought.

Wedding guest etiquette

• Don't wear white, ivory or cream unless the couple asks for it. Those colours are traditionally for the couple in many cultures.
• Check the venue: heels and grass don't mix; a church may call for covered shoulders; an outdoor evening may need a layer.
• Follow special requests: some couples ask guests to wear a colour theme or avoid certain colours.
• When unsure, dress up slightly rather than down.

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